Ilkka Tapio Seppinen, Risto Pellinen
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EAN/ISBN : 9782701015514
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Année : 2010
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| 44.00 € |
Finland started its first space-related hardware programme in 1985.
10 years later Finland was ready to join the European Space Agency. However, space-related, ground-based activities had been going on in Finland for nearly 160 years before it became an active member of the club of space-faring nations. This book gives some background perspectives on this development and describes the first steps taken in Finland immediately after the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957.
The history of the development of space activities in Finland is quite unique. One of the key political drivers was integration with European activities in general. Besides joining ESA as a full member in 1995, Finland also joined the EU in the same year. To balance between activites in East and West, Finland signed an intergovernmental agreement on peaceful space co-operation with the Soviet Union in 1987, the same year that Finland became an associate member of ESA.
This work has been done in two stages. First, a comprehensive version of space history was published in Finnish in 2004 and the work was then continued to achieve the final goal of an international version of Finland's space history. The two books produced are essentially different in nature, the first being more oriented towards the national history of science and technology in Finland while the second places Finnish efforts and achievements in amore international perspective. Aspects of political history have been dealt with by Ilkka Seppinen, while Professor Risto Pellinen has been responsible for the space science component.
Ilkka Tapio Seppinen was born in 1944 in Finland. He began his university career in 1971 with a paper on how Finnish foreign policy was reflected in the country’s press in the years 1928-1932. After spending a year in the Federal Republic of Germany, he wrote a study in autumn 1972 on the direction of Finnish foreign policy between 1918 and 1939.
In 1976, he started as a research fellow in the Finnish Academy project ’Finland in the Second World War’. This study of Finnish foreign trade policy in the SecondWorldWar formed the basis for his thesis. In 1980, he obtained a research fellowship to complete his thesis fromthe Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung. He obtained his doctorate in November 1983.
A series of historical works followed: Finnish Meteorological Institute 1985-87, Ministry of Communications 1988-92, Board for Economic Defence 1993-96, Suomi-Seura (Finland-Society) 1999-2001. In 1986, Dr Seppinen was appointed lecturer in political history at the University
of Helsinki.
In recent years he has written the History of Finnish Space Research, a biography of a Finnish physics professor, and the history of the post of “Chancellor of Justice”, the guardian of formal legality in the Finnish Government. Besides, he has studied the effect of the Napoleonic wars on Finland and, among other things, has published “The Baltic Mission” and “Sweden’s
war with Russia, 1808”.
Risto Pellinen was born in Helsinki in 1944. His PhD thesis in 1979 was on the phenomenon of
the Northern Lights. In 1972-2007 he worked at the Finnish Meteorological Institute, where,
in 1985, he started the first space project in Finland. Since then he has been director or
scientist responsible for 30 international space projects. He was advisor to the Finnish and Swedish Space Boards for 15 years and to various ESA bodies and directorates for about 20 years.
In 2002-2005 he acted as Chairman of the ESA Science Programme Committee. He was the key scientist in coordinating cooperation in the fields of geophysics and space physics with the Soviet Union/Russia for more than 30 years. He has co-authored more than 140 space-related scientific publications, over 30 popular articles, 5 TV documentaries on space and has co-edited three textbooks about Mars directed at the general public. He is an honorary member of the European Geophysical Union and was awarded the Jean Dominique Cassini Medal in 2006 and
the Russian Yuri Gagarin (2005) and G. N. Babakin (2007) Medals.
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Foreword
CHAPTER 1 PRELUDE TO SPACE RESEARCH : FROM GEOMAGNETISM TO THE SECOND INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR 1838-1939
I. Geomagnetism comes to Finland
II. The first Polar Year
III. Melander and high aspirations
IV. The Second Polar Year
CHAPTER 2 RHETORIC AND SCIENCE POLICY 1945-1964
I. War and peace in Finnish science
II. Approaching the International Geophysical Year
III. Finland in the IGY
IV. Project Research
CHAPTER 3 FROM HOPE TO REALITY 1964-1968
I. On the threshold of space research
II. Internationalism and internal stability
III. ESRO membership
IV. The Committee on Space Research
V. ESRO and ELDO in trouble
VI. Primus inter pares
THE HISTORY OF FINNISH SPACE ACTIVITIES
CHAPTER 4 TOWARDS A SPACE STRATEGY 1970-1980
I. An emerging space-research country
II. The Division of Space Research
III. Steps towards scientific maturity
EISCAT
IMS
IV. Start of collaboration with the Polar Geophysical Institute at Apatity, USSR
V. International cooperation develops and expands
CHAPTER 5 ADMINISTRATIVE COMPLICATIONS
I. The Government embraces the idea of space research
II. Finland gains the political will to join ESA
III. Yes to ESA, but what does that mean ?
IV. A small pitfall
CHAPTER 6 AROUND THE WORLD AND MARS
I. The World enters the Digital Age
II. Viking 2 : On the border between dream and reality
III. To Mars via Sweden
CHAPTER 7 A BOOM IN SPACE RESEARCH
I. Tentative negotiations with ESA
II. Associate Membership in Sight
III. The Technology Development Centre TEKES
IV. The Finnish Space Committee
V. ESA and Finland
CHAPTER 8 FINLAND IN THE EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY
I. The Space Programme
II. Enthusiasm and Confusion
III. A Finnish Satellite ?
CHAPTER 9 SAILING ON THE SOLAR WIND
I. Hard Times, the depression of the 1990s
II. Towards the Sun
Member of ESA
Sources
Bibliography
Index of persons
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